import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoupWeb scraping is a key skill all data scientists should have. This is why day 22 of our ongoing Arewa Data Science Academy fellowship covered web scraping using BeautifulSoup. In this article, I try to explain and practice this important skill by scraping a daily trust page that contains an article related to the just concluded Nigerian presidential election. Firstly, for this task, one needs the following: - A Python installation -I have Python 3.10 installed, - requests library - BeautifulSoup4 library
Both libraries can be installed using pip, or if one uses a conda environment - like I do - the libraries can be installed using conda install
Requests library enables us to get the content of the page as a html and BeautifulSoup allows us to parse the html.
We then create a beautifulSoup object that we can use to navigate the content of the page as follows:
url = 'https://dailytrust.com/last-saturday-polls-raised-issues-that-require-immediate-solutions-inec/'
response = requests.get(url)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.content,'html.parser')
soup.prettify()'<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang="en-GB">\n <head>\n <style>\n img.lazy{min-height:1px}\n </style>\n <link as="script" href="https://dailytrust.com/wp-content/plugins/w3-total-cache/pub/js/lazyload.min.js" rel="preload"/>\n <meta charset="utf-8"/>\n <meta content="IE=edge" httpequiv="X-UA-Compatible"/>\n <style id="" media="all">\n @font-face {\n font-family: \'Caveat\';\n font-style: normal;\n font-weight: 400;\n font-display: swap;\n src: url(/fonts.gstatic.com/s/caveat/v17/WnznHAc5bAfYB2QRah7pcpNvOx-pjfJ9SII.ttf) format(\'truetype\');\n}\n </style>\n <meta content="minimum-scale=1, initial-scale=1, width=device-width, shrink-to-fit=no, user-scalable=yes, viewport-fit=cover" name="viewport"/>\n <link href="/manifest.json" rel="manifest"/>\n <meta content="#000000" name="theme-color"/>\n <title>\n Last Saturday polls raised issues that require immediate solutions – INEC - Daily Trust\n </title>\n <meta content="max-image-preview:large" name="robots"/>\n <link href="//www.googletagmanager.com" rel="dns-prefetch"/>\n <link href="//stats.wp.com" rel="dns-prefetch"/>\n <link href="//widgets.wp.com" rel="dns-prefetch"/>\n <link href="//s0.wp.com" rel="dns-prefetch"/>\n <link href="//0.gravatar.com" rel="dns-prefetch"/>\n <link href="//1.gravatar.com" rel="dns-prefetch"/>\n <link href="//2.gravatar.com" rel="dns-prefetch"/>\n <link href="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com" rel="dns-prefetch"/>\n <link href="https://dailytrust.com/wp-content/cache/minify/19c28.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet"/>\n <style id="global-styles-inline-css">\n 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window.googletag=window.googletag||{cmd:[]};googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.defineSlot(\'/113471580/dailytrust.com_300_600_article_right\',[[300,600],\'fluid\'],\'div-gpt-ad-1685451004084-0\').addService(googletag.pubads());googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();googletag.enableServices();});\n </script>\n <section class="title-header">\n <div style="margin-bottom:10">\n <div class="categoty__title">\n <a aria-label="News" href="https://dailytrust.com/topics/news/" title="News">\n News\n </a>\n </div>\n </div>\n <h1 class="h1v1">\n Last Saturday polls raised issues that require immediate solutions – INEC\n </h1>\n <p class="excerpt">\n The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) has admitted that the last Saturday presidential and National Assembly elections raises a number of issues that require immediate,…\n </p>\n </section>\n <section class="featured-image">\n <div class="post-thumbnail">\n <img alt="INEC Chairman, INEC Chairman, Prof. Mahmood Yakubu" class="attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image lazy" data-sizes="(max-width: 791px) 100vw, 791px" data-src="https://dailytrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/INEC-Chairman.jpg" data-srcset="https://dailytrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/INEC-Chairman.jpg 791w, https://dailytrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/INEC-Chairman-600x338.jpg 600w, https://dailytrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/INEC-Chairman-711x400.jpg 711w, https://dailytrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/INEC-Chairman-768x432.jpg 768w" decoding="async" height="445" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=\'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\'%20viewBox=\'0%200%20791%20445\'%3E%3C/svg%3E" width="791"/>\n </div>\n <figcaption class="caption">\n <span>\n INEC Chairman, INEC Chairman, Prof. Mahmood Yakubu\n </span>\n </figcaption>\n </section>\n <section class="post-author">\n <div class="wraper flow">\n <ul class="names">\n <span style="margin-right:6px">\n By\n </span>\n <a href="https://dailytrust.com/author/Abbas Jimoh">\n Abbas Jimoh\n </a>\n </ul>\n </div>\n </section>\n <section class="author__share">\n <div class="post-time">\n Sat, 4 Mar 2023 14:43:04 WAT\n </div>\n <ul class="share small dark">\n <li>\n <a href="https://wa.me/?text=https://dailytrust.com/last-saturday-polls-raised-issues-that-require-immediate-solutions-inec/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">\n <svg height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">\n <path d="M12.031 6.172c-3.181 0-5.767 2.586-5.768 5.766-.001 1.298.38 2.27 1.019 3.287l-.582 2.128 2.182-.573c.978.58 1.911.928 3.145.929 3.178 0 5.767-2.587 5.768-5.766.001-3.187-2.575-5.77-5.764-5.771zm3.392 8.244c-.144.405-.837.774-1.17.824-.299.045-.677.063-1.092-.069-.252-.08-.575-.187-.988-.365-1.739-.751-2.874-2.502-2.961-2.617-.087-.116-.708-.94-.708-1.793s.448-1.273.607-1.446c.159-.173.346-.217.462-.217l.332.006c.106.005.249-.04.39.298.144.347.491 1.2.534 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1.489z">\n </path>\n </svg>\n </a>\n </li>\n </li>\n </ul>\n </section>\n <article class="body article__body">\n <p>\n <strong>\n The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) has admitted that the last Saturday presidential and National Assembly elections raises a number of issues that require immediate, medium and long-term solutions.\n </strong>\n </p>\n <p>\n INEC Chairman, Prof. Mahmood Yakubu, said this on Saturday in Abuja at a meeting with the Resident Electoral commissioners (RECs) held at the INEC headquarters, Abuja.\n </p>\n <div id="v-dailytrust">\n </div>\n <script>\n (function(v,d,o,ai){ai=d.createElement(\'script\');ai.defer=true;ai.async=true;ai.src=v.location.protocol+o;d.head.appendChild(ai);})(window,document,\'//a.vdo.ai/core/v-dailytrust/vdo.ai.js\');\n </script>\n <p>\n He said, “It is imperative to review performance and assess preparations. No doubt, last week’s national elections raised a number of issues that require immediate, medium, and long-term solutions.\n </p>\n <p>\n “The planning for the election was painstakingly done. However, its implementation came with challenges, some of them unforeseen. The issues of logistics, election technology, behaviour of some election personnel at different levels, attitude of some party agents and supporters added to the extremely challenging environment in which elections are usually held in Nigeria.”\n </p>\n <div id="div-gpt-ad-1669272607411-0" style="min-width: 120px; min-height: 20px;">\n <script>\n googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.display(\'div-gpt-ad-1669272607411-0\');});\n </script>\n </div>\n <p>\n <a href="https://dailytrust.com/breaking-inec-bars-negligent-staff-from-governorship-polls-issues-stern-warning-to-recs/">\n BREAKING: INEC bars negligent staff from governorship polls, issues stern warning to RECs\n </a>\n </p>\n <p>\n <a href="https://dailytrust.com/court-grants-atiku-obis-request-to-inspect-election-materials/">\n Court grants Atiku, Obi&#8217;s request to inspect election materials\n </a>\n </p>\n <p>\n The INEC boss said he appreciated the sacrifice and doggedness of Nigerians and the dignity and maturity displayed by political leaders even in the context of divergent views about the election.\n </p>\n <p>\n Yakubu said that a lot of lessons had been learnt and of immediate concern to the commission is how the identified challenges can be addressed ahead of the next Saturday’s governorship and state houses of aassembly elections in 28 states.\n </p>\n <script async="" crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7943548946436796">\n </script>\n <ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7943548946436796" data-ad-format="auto" data-ad-slot="4569210792" data-full-width-responsive="true" style="display:block">\n </ins>\n <script>\n (adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});\n </script>\n <p>\n The chairman also said that for the last Saturday’s elections, winners had been declared for 423 national legislative seats while supplementary elections would be held in 46 constituencies.\n </p>\n <p>\n According to him, in the Senate, 98 out of 109 seats had been declared, with seven political parties winning senatorial seats while in the House of Representatives, 325 out of 360 seats had been won by eight political parties.\n </p>\n <p>\n He noted that in terms of party representation, this is the most diverse National Assembly since 1999.\n </p>\n <p>\n He said that in the Senate APC has\xa0 57 seats, APGA 1, LP 6, NNPP 2, PDP 29, SDP 2, YPP 1; while in the House of Representatives, ADC 2, APC 162, APGA 4, LP 34, NNPP 18, PDP 102, SDP 2, YPP 1.\n </p>\n <p>\n He said, “Certificates of Return will be presented to Senators-elect on Tuesday 7th March 2023 at 11.00am at the National Collation Centre (the International Conference Centre), Abuja, while Members of the House of Representatives-elect will receive theirs the following day, Wednesday 8th March 2023, at 11.00am at the same venue.\n </p>\n <script async="" crossorigin="anonymous" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7005578050454879">\n </script>\n <ins class="adsbygoogle" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7005578050454879" data-ad-format="auto" data-ad-slot="3639709870" data-full-width-responsive="true" style="display:block">\n </ins>\n <script>\n (adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});\n </script>\n <p>\n “However, for effective crowd management, each Senator/Member-elect should be accompanied by a maximum of two guests.”\n </p>\n <div id="div-gpt-ad-1669291045016-0" style="min-width: 120px; min-height: 20px;">\n <script>\n googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.display(\'div-gpt-ad-1669291045016-0\');});\n </script>\n </div>\n <a href="https://dailytrust.com/nigerians-can-now-get-paid-monthly-in-us-dollars/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">\n <div style="border: 1px dashed red; padding: 2rem">\n <p>\n Dollar payments are now available for ALL Nigerians. 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height: 80px; background: #ccc; display: block; position:relative">\n <img alt="" class="attachment-80x80x10vwximg size-80x80x10vwximg wp-post-image lazy" data-src="https://dailytrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/INEC-150x150.jpg" decoding="async" height="80" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=\'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\'%20viewBox=\'0%200%2080%2080\'%3E%3C/svg%3E" width="80"/>\n </div>\n </a>\n </div>\n </li>\n <li class="list_list">\n <div class="list_card">\n <div class="list_body list_compact">\n <div class="list_category">\n <span class="list_time">\n <svg aria-label="Clock24 icon" height="14" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">\n <path d="M11.5 2a10.5 10.5 0 1 1 0 21 10.5 10.5 0 0 1 0-21zm0 1a9.5 9.5 0 1 0 0 19 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 0-19zm0 4c.28 0 .5.22.5.5v5.3l5.34-1.77a.5.5 0 1 1 .32.94l-6 2a.5.5 0 0 1-.66-.47v-6c0-.28.22-.5.5-.5z" fillrule="evenodd">\n </path>\n </svg>\n 3 days ago\n </span>\n </div>\n <a href="/kano-govship-tribunal-inec-closes-case-presents-no-witness">\n Kano gov’ship tribunal: INEC closes case, presents no witness\n </a>\n </div>\n <a href="/kano-govship-tribunal-inec-closes-case-presents-no-witness">\n <div class="desktop__image" style="min-width: 80px; height: 80px; background: #ccc; display: block; position:relative">\n <img alt="" class="attachment-80x80x10vwximg size-80x80x10vwximg wp-post-image lazy" data-src="https://dailytrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/INEC-150x150.webp" decoding="async" height="80" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=\'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\'%20viewBox=\'0%200%2080%2080\'%3E%3C/svg%3E" width="80"/>\n </div>\n </a>\n </div>\n </li>\n <li class="list_list">\n <div class="list_card">\n <div class="list_body list_compact">\n <div class="list_category">\n <span class="list_time">\n <svg aria-label="Clock24 icon" height="14" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">\n <path d="M11.5 2a10.5 10.5 0 1 1 0 21 10.5 10.5 0 0 1 0-21zm0 1a9.5 9.5 0 1 0 0 19 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 0-19zm0 4c.28 0 .5.22.5.5v5.3l5.34-1.77a.5.5 0 1 1 .32.94l-6 2a.5.5 0 0 1-.66-.47v-6c0-.28.22-.5.5-.5z" fillrule="evenodd">\n </path>\n </svg>\n 4 days ago\n </span>\n </div>\n <a href="/just-in-inec-registers-new-party">\n INEC registers new party\n </a>\n </div>\n <a href="/just-in-inec-registers-new-party">\n <div class="desktop__image" style="min-width: 80px; height: 80px; background: #ccc; display: block; position:relative">\n <img alt="" class="attachment-80x80x10vwximg size-80x80x10vwximg wp-post-image lazy" data-src="https://dailytrust.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/INEC-150x150.jpg" decoding="async" height="80" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns=\'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\'%20viewBox=\'0%200%2080%2080\'%3E%3C/svg%3E" width="80"/>\n </div>\n </a>\n </div>\n </li>\n <li class="list_list">\n <div class="list_card">\n <div class="list_body list_compact">\n <div class="list_category">\n <span class="list_time">\n <svg aria-label="Clock24 icon" height="14" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">\n <path d="M11.5 2a10.5 10.5 0 1 1 0 21 10.5 10.5 0 0 1 0-21zm0 1a9.5 9.5 0 1 0 0 19 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 0-19zm0 4c.28 0 .5.22.5.5v5.3l5.34-1.77a.5.5 0 1 1 .32.94l-6 2a.5.5 0 0 1-.66-.47v-6c0-.28.22-.5.5-.5z" fillrule="evenodd">\n </path>\n </svg>\n 5 days ago\n </span>\n </div>\n <a href="/photos-inec-continues-review-of-2023-elections">\n PHOTOS: INEC continues review of 2023 elections\n </a>\n </div>\n <a href="/photos-inec-continues-review-of-2023-elections">\n <div class="desktop__image" style="min-width: 80px; 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data-cf-beacon=\'{"rayId":"7eba0ec02b66b88e","version":"2023.4.0","b":1,"token":"61e9828cd12c41eebd5ea34170988570","si":100}\' defer="" integrity="sha512-DI3rPuZDcpH/mSGyN22erN5QFnhl760f50/te7FTIYxodEF8jJnSFnfnmG/c+osmIQemvUrnBtxnMpNdzvx1/g==" src="https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js/v2cb3a2ab87c5498db5ce7e6608cf55231689030342039">\n </script>\n </body>\n</html>'The url of the page is first declared, then the response object is created using the get method of requests. Afterwards, the content attribute of the response object is passed to BeautifulSoup to create a soup object that we can use to navigate through the content of the web page. The prettify method is used to show the basic structure of the web page as this can help in pinpointing the exact content needed, in our case, the paragraphs.
To keep things simple for now, this is the approach I followed:
paragraphs = soup.find_all('p')
print(soup.title)
for paragraph in paragraphs:
if not paragraph.find('a'):
print(paragraph.get_text())<title>Last Saturday polls raised issues that require immediate solutions – INEC - Daily Trust</title>
The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) has admitted that the last Saturday presidential and National Assembly elections raises a number of issues that require immediate,…
The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) has admitted that the last Saturday presidential and National Assembly elections raises a number of issues that require immediate, medium and long-term solutions.
INEC Chairman, Prof. Mahmood Yakubu, said this on Saturday in Abuja at a meeting with the Resident Electoral commissioners (RECs) held at the INEC headquarters, Abuja.
He said, “It is imperative to review performance and assess preparations. No doubt, last week’s national elections raised a number of issues that require immediate, medium, and long-term solutions.
“The planning for the election was painstakingly done. However, its implementation came with challenges, some of them unforeseen. The issues of logistics, election technology, behaviour of some election personnel at different levels, attitude of some party agents and supporters added to the extremely challenging environment in which elections are usually held in Nigeria.”
The INEC boss said he appreciated the sacrifice and doggedness of Nigerians and the dignity and maturity displayed by political leaders even in the context of divergent views about the election.
Yakubu said that a lot of lessons had been learnt and of immediate concern to the commission is how the identified challenges can be addressed ahead of the next Saturday’s governorship and state houses of aassembly elections in 28 states.
The chairman also said that for the last Saturday’s elections, winners had been declared for 423 national legislative seats while supplementary elections would be held in 46 constituencies.
According to him, in the Senate, 98 out of 109 seats had been declared, with seven political parties winning senatorial seats while in the House of Representatives, 325 out of 360 seats had been won by eight political parties.
He noted that in terms of party representation, this is the most diverse National Assembly since 1999.
He said that in the Senate APC has 57 seats, APGA 1, LP 6, NNPP 2, PDP 29, SDP 2, YPP 1; while in the House of Representatives, ADC 2, APC 162, APGA 4, LP 34, NNPP 18, PDP 102, SDP 2, YPP 1.
He said, “Certificates of Return will be presented to Senators-elect on Tuesday 7th March 2023 at 11.00am at the National Collation Centre (the International Conference Centre), Abuja, while Members of the House of Representatives-elect will receive theirs the following day, Wednesday 8th March 2023, at 11.00am at the same venue.
“However, for effective crowd management, each Senator/Member-elect should be accompanied by a maximum of two guests.”
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I Made N1 Million Naira Monthly Using this WhatsApp Marketing Strategy. Follow My Steps & Make More Sales. Click to Learn MoreFirst, the find_all() method is used to get all the p tags as a list and this is assigned to the paragraphs variable. Then for the main target of this article, I print the title attribute of the soup object and then loop through each item in the paragraphs variable and print, this gives the entire content of the article. I discovered that the hyperlinked titles of related articles where included and I removed them by excluding all p tags that contained a tags.
In conclusion, web scraping is highly useful to a data scientist as it automates getting content from the internet. One does not have to cut and paste long pieces of text or other contents.